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Anabolic steroid - Wikipedia. This article is about androgens as medications. For androgens as natural hormones, see Androgen. Anabolic steroids, also known more properly as anabolic- androgenic steroids (AAS). They are anabolic and increase protein within cells, especially in skeletal muscles. AAS also have varying degrees of androgenic and virilizing effects, including induction of the development and maintenance of masculinesecondary sexual characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair. The word anabolic, referring to anabolism, comes from the Greek . Controlling your carbohydrate intake -- and your hormones -- will get you there. The definitive source of links to the scientific underpinnings of the paleo diet. Book reviews of all books on the subject. The place to start. Welcome to the Page of the very muscular, attractive & and beautiful Ms. Olympia ANDRULLA BLANCHETTE! The American College of Sports Medicine acknowledges that AAS, in the presence of adequate diet, can contribute to increases in body weight, often as lean mass increases and that the gains in muscular strength achieved through high- intensity exercise and proper diet can be additionally increased by the use of AAS in some individuals. Their use is referred to as doping and banned by most major sporting bodies. For many years, AAS have been by far the most detected doping substances in IOC- accredited laboratories. Testosterone is now nearly the only androgen used for this purpose and has been shown to increase height, weight, and fat- free mass in boys with delayed puberty. These sports include bodybuilding, weightlifting, shot put and other track and field, cycling, baseball, wrestling, mixed martial arts, boxing, football, and cricket. Such use is prohibited by the rules of the governing bodies of most sports. AAS use occurs among adolescents, especially by those participating in competitive sports. It has been suggested that the prevalence of use among high- school students in the U. S. Oral administration is the most convenient. Testosterone administered by mouth is rapidly absorbed, but it is largely converted to inactive metabolites, and only about 1/6 is available in active form. In order to be sufficiently active when given by mouth, testosterone derivatives are alkylated at the 1. This modification reduces the liver's ability to break down these compounds before they reach the systemic circulation. Testosterone can be administered parenterally, but it has more irregular prolonged absorption time and greater activity in muscle in enanthate, undecanoate, or cypionateester form. These derivatives are hydrolyzed to release free testosterone at the site of injection; absorption rate (and thus injection schedule) varies among different esters, but medical injections are normally done anywhere between semi- weekly to once every 1. A more frequent schedule may be desirable in order to maintain a more constant level of hormone in the system. In addition, because estered testosterone is dissolved in oil, intravenous injection has the potential to cause a dangerous embolism (clot) in the bloodstream. Transdermal patches (adhesive patches placed on the skin) may also be used to deliver a steady dose through the skin and into the bloodstream. Testosterone- containing creams and gels that are applied daily to the skin are also available, but absorption is inefficient (roughly 1. Individuals who are especially physically active and/or bathe often may not be good candidates, since the medication can be washed off and may take up to six hours to be fully absorbed. There is also the risk that an intimate partner or child may come in contact with the application site and inadvertently dose himself or herself; children and women are highly sensitive to testosterone and can suffer unintended masculinization and health effects, even from small doses. Injection is the most common method used by individuals administering AAS for non- medical purposes. Studies indicate that the anabolic properties of AAS are relatively similar despite the differences in pharmacokinetic principles such as first- pass metabolism. However, the orally available forms of AAS may cause liver damage in high doses. AAS were ranked 1. Long- term steroid abusers may develop symptoms of dependence and withdrawal on discontinuation of AAS. Recreational AAS use appears to be associated with a range of potentially prolonged psychiatric effects, including dependence syndromes, mood disorders, and progression to other forms of substance abuse, but the prevalence and severity of these various effects remains poorly understood. As a result, AAS users may get misdiagnosed by a psychiatrist not told about their habit. Case reports describe both hypomania and mania, along with irritability, elation, recklessness, racing thoughts and feelings of power and invincibility that did not meet the criteria for mania/hypomania. Compared with individuals that did not use steroids, young adult males that used AAS reported greater involvement in violent behaviors even after controlling for the effects of key demographic variables, previous violent behavior, and polydrug use. The drug response was highly variable. However: 8. 4% of subjects exhibited minimal psychiatric effects, 1. The mechanism of these variable reactions could not be explained by demographic, psychological, laboratory, or physiological measures. There have been anecdotal reports of depression and suicide in teenage steroid users. A 1. 99. 2 review found that AAS may both relieve and cause depression, and that cessation or diminished use of AAS may also result in depression, but called for additional studies due to disparate data. Most of these side- effects are dose- dependent, the most common being elevated blood pressure, especially in those with pre- existing hypertension. For example, AAS may prematurely stop the lengthening of bones (premature epiphyseal fusion through increased levels of estrogen metabolites), resulting in stunted growth. Other effects include, but are not limited to, accelerated bone maturation, increased frequency and duration of erections, and premature sexual development. AAS use in adolescence is also correlated with poorer attitudes related to health. Development of breast tissue in males, a condition called gynecomastia (which is usually caused by high levels of circulating estradiol), may arise because of increased conversion of testosterone to estradiol by the enzyme aromatase. This side- effect is temporary; the size of the testicles usually returns to normal within a few weeks of discontinuing AAS use as normal production of sperm resumes. Anyone cutting out junk is going to get some good results. I tried the blood type diet several years ago. I’m Type O, and contrary to popular myth, that version of. Olympia Franco Columbu used and extremely unique 14 day powerbuilding workout routine that focused on hard and heavy rep ranges and high rep sets. Alteration of fertility and ovarian cysts can also occur in females. The kidney damage in the bodybuilders has similarities to that seen in morbidly obese patients, but appears to be even more severe. Water- soluble peptide hormones cannot penetrate the fatty cell membrane and only indirectly affect the nucleus of target cells through their interaction with the cell’s surface receptors. However, as fat- soluble hormones, AAS are membrane- permeable and influence the nucleus of cells by direct action. The pharmacodynamic action of AAS begin when the exogenous hormone penetrates the membrane of the target cell and binds to an androgen receptor (AR) located in the cytoplasm of that cell. From there, the compound hormone- receptor diffuses into the nucleus, where it either alters the expression of genes. It has been hypothesized that this reduction in muscle breakdown may occur through AAS inhibiting the action of other steroid hormones called glucocorticoids that promote the breakdown of muscles. Through a number of mechanisms AAS stimulate the formation of muscle cells and hence cause an increase in the size of skeletal muscles, leading to increased strength. Depending on the length of use, the side effects of the steroid can be irreversible. Processes affected include pubertal growth, sebaceous gland oil production, and sexuality (especially in fetal development). Some examples of virilizing effects are growth of the clitoris in females and the penis in male children (the adult penis size does not change due to steroids. Men may develop an enlargement of breast tissue, known as gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and a reduced sperm count. Compounds with a high ratio of androgenic to an anabolic effects are the drug of choice in androgen- replacement therapy (e. Determination of androgenic: anabolic ratio is typically performed in animal studies, which has led to the marketing of some compounds claimed to have anabolic activity with weak androgenic effects. This disassociation is less marked in humans, where all AAS have significant androgenic effects. The VP weight is an indicator of the androgenic effect, while the LA weight is an indicator of the anabolic effect. Two or more batches of rats are castrated and given no treatment and respectively some AAS of interest. The LA/VP ratio for an AAS is calculated as the ratio of LA/VP weight gains produced by the treatment with that compound using castrated but untreated rats as baseline: (LAc,t–LAc)/(VPc,t–VPc). The LA/VP weight gain ratio from rat experiments is not unitary for testosterone (typically 0. AAS, which have their androgenic: anabolic ratios scaled accordingly (as shown in the table above). Animal studies also found that fat mass was reduced, but most studies in humans failed to elucidate significant fat mass decrements. The effects on lean body mass have been shown to be dose- dependent. Both muscle hypertrophy and the formation of new muscle fibers have been observed. The hydration of lean mass remains unaffected by AAS use, although small increments of blood volume cannot be ruled out. After drug withdrawal, the effects fade away slowly, but may persist for more than 6–1. AAS use. Overall, the exercise where the most significant improvements were observed is the bench press. AR agonists are antigonadotropic – that is, they dose- dependently suppress gonadal testosterone production and hence reduce systemic testosterone concentrations.
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The Most Powerful Indians in 2. Narendra Modi tops, Yogi Adityanath enters list. By: Express News Service . Look at it, also, to get a sense of how, over the past year, power has changed hands — and how power itself has changed. To take the second change first, which is also the context in which the first — the movement of the powerful — is to be tracked: More than any other in recent times, the past year has framed and sharpened an absence in India’s liberal democratic imagination. Liberal democracy in India has always seemed ill- trained in the art of separation that produces a check and balance on power, and is also a way of fragmenting it. Democracy in India doesn’t ask itself the question, at least not often enough, and not with enough sophistication: What are the bases of different institutions? What are the different kinds of power? It is in this space of unasked questions that the steep climb and precipitous fall of individuals in the IE power list tells a story, of course. Large meanings can also be prised from the small shifts. Buffalo Laser Spa and Cheryl's Hair Removal Center offers laser hair removal, laser fat removal, diet and weight loss programs. Buffalo's original Laser Spa and Lipo. Dermacol Cosmetics Make up Skin Care Body Care Makeup Cosmetics Beauty. Preface-- by Jarod Johansen: Lower Hanging Testicles?. Is This Possible? Welcome to the popular "The Art of Ball. Last updated 2/2008 *italicized words have corresponding definitions AAOP (American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists): As a professional society of orthotists. The Thomas Factor: Using Your Doubts to Draw Closer to God: by Gary R. Habermas Originally published by Broadman & Holman: Nashville. The top three of 2. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, BJP president Amit Shah and RSS sarsanghchalak Mohan Bhagwat — but with a difference. While Modi remains numero uno, Shah trades places with Bhagwat. The moving up of Shah, the stepping down of Bhagwat, if only by a rung each, speaks of an unfolding realignment within the Sangh Parivar — the dramatic electoral successes of the Modi- Shah election machine are helping them pull ahead of not just their opponents and rivals but also their friends. The year 2. 01. 5- 2. Opposition struck back at the BJP dominance established by its 2. Arvind Kejriwal’s AAP routed the BJP in Delhi, then the Nitish Kumar- Lalu Prasad Mahagathbandhan trounced it in Bihar. It was also the year when the BJP’s political project seemed challenged by events and stories outside the political arena that snowballed, acquired power, became writ large — the murder of Mohammad Akhlaq in Dadri over rumours of beef in September 2. Dalit student Rohith Vemula at the Hyderabad University campus in January 2. This was followed by the spreading protests against the arrest of students in JNU on charges of sedition, which also stoked a wide and vibrant debate on the meaning of nationalism. Yet, in 2. 01. 7, that agitation and those debates seem frayed and faded already. Their dramatis personae, like the fiery JNU student leaders, are no longer prominent on the stage.
June 14, 2017 Tanzanite & diamond ring 1.97ct. We’re up to our old tricks again, turning something old into something new. Industry Terms Glossary You will find a glossary of commonly use industry terms and definitions. Request Demo They have been relegated by the inevitable return to business- as- usual, yes, but also by the sound and spectacle of the BJP’s electoral victories, especially and most recently in Uttar Pradesh. Unsurprising, then, that a host of Opposition leaders move down the power list: Arvind Kejriwal slips from No. Mayawati who was at 3. Lalu Prasad is down from 2. The Gandhis, Sonia and Rahul, may not show as great a fall — from 5 to 9 and from 9 to 1. But there is a settled stolid dullness to their ranking, especially when you contrast it with the blistering trajectory of Yogi Adityanath, a new entrant at No. Himanta Biswa Sarma who left the Congress to become powerful in the BJP, and who is also a new entry in the list, at 3. Nitish Kumar, who had seemed for a while last year to be the emerging rallying point for anti- BJP forces, has receded only from 1. All those who are on the list are there because of the individuals that they are and because of the institutions and offices that they represent. But the rise in the list of Chief Justice Khehar, from 4. Dipak Misra at 1. Justice Lodha at 7. How these individuals act on their institutions, steer their course, will determine their ranking in next year’s list. And what about the non- political powerful of 2. Except for the feisty Kangana Ranaut gatecrashing this list of 9. Bollywood, in the most powerful and empowering way possible, well, what about them? Here is the list: Also Read . Narendra Damodardas Modi, 6. Prime Minister of India(Rank 2. Why. Because nearly three years into his term, he remains the unchallenged Number 1. Because under him, the BJP looks unstoppable, forcing the Opposition to continually play catch- up. Every key move the Modi government makes — from surgical strikes to demonetisation — is done in his name. Under him, the Prime Minister’s Office wields almost absolute power, inviting awe and criticism in equal measure. His relentless campaigning fuelled the party’s sweep in Uttar Pradesh, setting the stage for 2. His constant communication underlines the power of his politics. Power Punch Demonetisation. Its economics may have been suspect but its politics was pure gold. He proved his critics wrong and projected the hugely disruptive note ban as a transformational reform that people must support for the greater good. And they did. What Next Halfway into his term, he’s looking beyond 2. Economy and employment, rising expectations of the young remain his key challenges at home that will also define his place in the world. By the way. He loves photography, shoots a lot and always directs photographers even as he poses for them. Amit Shah, 5. 2BJP President(Rank 2. Why. He pushes the RSS chief down one rank because he has established himself as the BJP’s trump card. Despite the criticism over his style of functioning, Shah has proved he is the most effective strategist, whether in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra or Manipur. He not only led the party to historic victories in UP and Uttarakhand by stitching together a new social coalition, but also choreographed the BJP takeover of Goa and Manipur. Power Punch. Shah stuck to his handpicked candidates for Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, including some who joined the party on the eve of the release of the list. What next. Elections in Gujarat later this year. He realises the party’s performance here is tied to his prestige as well as that of the PM. By the way. He has been on a strict weight- loss programme and has already lost over 1. Mohan Bhagwat, 6. RSS sarsanghchalak(Rank 2. Why. Without rocking any boats, like in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee years, he has ensured that the RSS and the BJP government remain in step and in sync. Despite the rebellion in the Goa unit and some swayamsevaks carping over tickets in UP and Uttarakhand, Bhagwat’s Sangh has emerged as the perfect foil to the Modi government. Power Punch. His public disagreements are keenly heard. For instance, his disapproval of the draft education policy prompted the Centre to review it. What Next. To push the RSS agenda on triple talaq and empowerment of Dalits and other backward classes, especially in southern states. By the way. Finds time to watch movies with close friends from Nagpur. J S Khehar, 6. 4Chief Justice of India(Rank 2. Why. With the judiciary and the executive locked in a struggle over delay in appointments to the higher judiciary and a new Memorandum of Procedure (Mo. P), the CJI, who heads the collegium that clear the names of judges for high courts and the apex court, plays a key role. Besides, he will hear all important PILs in the Supreme Court. Power Punch. The SC collegium under him has stood its ground, virtually rejecting every contentious clause that the Modi government wanted in the new Mo. P. What Next. He is expected to head the Constitution bench that will decide the validity of Aadhaar and the contours of the right to privacy. By the way. He often refers to his wife as . Ajit Doval, 7. 2National Security Advisor(Rank 2. Why. Because he is the most important bureaucrat in the Modi government. He has the Prime Minister’s ear on everything, from foreign policy and the challenges of terror to negotiations with the Naga rebels. Power Punch. Following the public announcement of the surgical strikes in Po. K last November, he is said to have controlled the flow of information and played a key role in shaping the narrative. What Next. To quickly gauge the Trump administration and work on common areas so that New Delhi is able to tap into the new Washington. By the way. Still responds to every single soldierly salutation in his office with a loud and brisk “vishraam, araam se”. Arun Jaitley, 6. 4Union Finance Minister(Rank 2. Why. The effective No 2 in the Modi cabinet, Jaitley has the task of steering the economy towards higher growth amid a slowdown resulting from demonetisation. With Manohar Parrikar heading to Goa, Jaitley holds additional charge of the crucial defence ministry. Power Punch. After a series of hectic negotiations with states and political parties, Jaitley was able to get the Constitutional amendment related to GST passed by Parliament. A crucial indirect tax reform, consensus on which once seemed impossible, GST is likely to be implemented from. July 1. What Next. Improving the country’s tax base and ensuring that people stay the course on digital transactions. By the way. He is on very friendly terms with Captain Amarinder Singh, the man who defeated him in the bitterly fought Amritsar Lok Sabha contest. Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani, 5. Chairman, Reliance Industries(Rank 2. Why. Continues to remain the richest Indian with a net worth of Rs 1,7. US $2. 6 billion), according to the Hurun Global Rich List. He is now focusing on his telecom venture, Reliance Jio, which is making aggressive plans in the segment, giving established players such as Airtel a run for their money. The group’s sprawling media ownership is now a role model for other corporates. Power Punch. Jio has secured over 1. What Next. With Jio set to charge customers from April, his next move in the intensely competitive telecom sector will be keenly watched. By the way. A nature buff, Ambani loves to visit wildlife hotspots such as Kruger National Park in South Africa. Yogi Adityanath, 4. Chief Minister, Uttar Pradesh(Rank 2. New entry)Why. For being chief minister of India’s most populous state, where the BJP and its allies have come to power with a thumping mandate, winning 3. A key Hindutva face of the BJP, he surprised nearly everyone by becoming the party’s choice to lead the state government. Basics of Space Flight: Rocket Propulsion. Isaac Newton stated in his third law of motion that . Propellants are combined in a combustion chamber where they chemically react to form hot gases which are then accelerated and ejected at high velocity through a nozzle, thereby imparting momentum to the engine. The thrust force of a rocket motor is the reaction experienced by the motor structure due to ejection of the high velocity matter. This is the same phenomenon which pushes a garden hose backward as water flows from the nozzle, or makes a gun recoil when fired. Physically speaking, it is the result of pressure which is exerted on the wall of the combustion chamber. The pressure distribution within the chamber is asymmetric; that is, inside the chamber the pressure varies little, but near the nozzle it decreases somewhat. The force due to gas pressure on the bottom of the chamber is not compensated for from the outside. The resultant force F due to the internal and external pressure difference, the thrust, is opposite to the direction of the gas jet. It pushes the chamber upwards. It is also necessary to reduce the pressure of the gas as much as possible inside the nozzle by creating a large section ratio. The section ratio, or expansion ratio, is defined as the area of the exit Ae divided by the area of the throat At. As we shall see in the next section, applying the principle of the conservation of momentum gives. Pa the pressure of the ambient atmosphere, Pe the pressure of the exhaust gases and Ve their ejection speed. Thrust is specified either at sea level or in a vacuum. That is. Newton expressed his second law of motion in terms of momentum, which can be stated as . In symbolic form this becomes. F=ma. When the resultant external force acting on a system is zero, the total linear momentum of the system remains constant. This is called the principle of conservation of linear momentum. Let's now see how this principle is applied to rocket mechanics. The rocket's engine is fired for time t and, during this period, ejects gases at a constant rate and at a constant speed relative to the rocket (exhaust velocity). Assume there are no external forces, such as gravity or air resistance. The rocket and fuel have a total mass M and the combination is moving with velocity v as seen from a particular frame of reference. At a time t later the configuration has changed to that shown in Figure 1. A mass M has been ejected from the rocket and is moving with velocity u as seen by the observer. The rocket is reduced to mass M- M and the velocity v of the rocket is changed to v+v. We can write, for the time interval twhere P2 is the final system momentum, Figure 1. P1 is the initial system momentum, Figure 1. We write. If we let t approach zero, v/t approaches dv/dt, the acceleration of the body. The quantity M is the mass ejected in t; this leads to a decrease in the mass M of the original body. Since d. M/dt, the change in mass of the body with time, is negative in this case, in the limit the quantity M/t is replaced by - d. M/dt. The quantity u- (v+v) is Vrel, the relative velocity of the ejected mass with respect to the rocket. With these changes, equation (1. The right- hand term depends on the characteristics of the rocket and, like the left- hand term, has the dimensions of a force. This force is called the thrust, and is the reaction force exerted on the rocket by the mass that leaves it. The rocket designer can make the thrust as large as possible by designing the rocket to eject mass as rapidly as possible (d. M/dt large) and with the highest possible relative speed (Vrel large). The product q. Ve, which we derived above (Vrel . The product (Pe- Pa)Ae, called the pressure thrust, is the result of unbalanced pressure forces at the nozzle exit. As we shall see latter, maximum thrust occurs when Pe=Pa. The equation expresses that, when a particle is acted upon by a force F during a given time interval, the final momentum p. F during the interval of time. When a problem involves a system of particles, we may add vectorially the momenta of all the particles and the impulses of all the forces involved. When can then write. For a time interval t, we may write equation (1. Let us now see how we can apply the principle of impulse and momentum to rocket mechanics. The fuel is consumed at a constant rate q and is expelled at a constant speed Ve relative to the rocket. At time t, the mass of the rocket shell and remaining fuel is M- qt, and the velocity is v. During the time interval t, a mass of fuel qt is expelled. Denoting by u the absolute velocity of the expelled fuel, we apply the principle of impulse and momentum between time t and time t+t. Please note, this derivation neglects the effect of air resistance. As t approaches zero, we obtain. Separating variables and integrating from t=0, v=0 to t=t, v=v, we obtain. The term - gt in equation (1. Earth's gravity pulling on the rocket. For a rocket drifting in space, - gt is not applicable and can be omitted. Equation (1. 1. 5) thus becomes. Click here for example problem #1. Note that M represents the initial mass of the rocket and M- qt the final mass. Equation (1. 1. 7) is also known as Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation, named after Russian rocket pioneer Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (1. 85. Equation (1. 1. 7) therefore becomes. Alternatively, we can write. Rearranging variables, we have. Click here for example problem #1. The combustion process involves the oxidation of constituents in the fuel that are capable of being oxidized, and can therefore be represented by a chemical equation. During a combustion process the mass of each element remains the same. Consider the reaction of methane with oxygen. This equation states that one mole of methane reacts with two moles of oxygen to form one mole of carbon dioxide and two moles of water. This also means that 1. All the initial substances that undergo the combustion process are called the reactants, and the substances that result from the combustion process are called the products. The highest flame temperature is achieved under these conditions, however it is often desirable to operate a rocket engine at a . Mixture ratio is defined as the mass flow of oxidizer divided by the mass flow of fuel. For a volume- constrained vehicle with a low- density fuel such as liquid hydrogen, significant reductions in vehicle size can be achieved by shifting to a higher O/F ratio. In that case, the losses in performance are more than compensated for by the reduced fuel tankage requirement. Also consider the example of bipropellant systems using NTO/MMH, where a mixture ratio of 1. Equal sizing simplifies tank manufacturing, system packaging, and integration. The ideal exhaust velocity is given by. R* is the universal gas constant (8,3. J/kmol- K in SI units, or 4. R in U. S. The thermodynamics involved in calculating combustion temperatures are quite complicated, however, flame temperatures generally range from about 2,5. C (4,5. 00- 6,5. 00 o. F). Chamber pressures can range from about about 7 to 2. Pe should be equal to the ambient pressure at which the engine will operate, more on this later. Based on this criterion, we can see why liquid hydrogen is very desirable as a rocket fuel. That is, the high heat of combustion causes the separation of molecules into simpler constituents that are then capable of recombining. Consider the reaction of kerosene with oxygen. The true products of combustion will be an equilibrium mixture of atoms and molecules consisting of C, CO, CO2, H, H2, H2. O, HO, O, and O2. Dissociation has a significant effect on flame temperature. See Propellant Combustion Charts to find optimum mixture ratio, adiabatic flame temperature, gas molecular weight, and specific heat ratio for some common rocket propellants. Thus gasoline is usually considered to be octane, C8. H1. 8, and kerosene is considered to be dodecane, C1. H2. 6. Specific heat is measured at constant- pressure, CP, or at constant- volume, CV. The ratio CP/CV is called the specific heat ratio, represented by k or . When the thrust and the flow rate remain constant throughout the burning of the propellant, the specific impulse is the time for which the rocket engine provides a thrust equal to the weight of the propellant consumed. It is therefore important to state whether specific impulse is the value at sea level or in a vacuum. Overall, the losses affect the efficiency of the specific impulse. This is the ratio of the real specific impulse (at sea level, or in a vacuum) and the theoretical specific impulse obtained with an ideal nozzle from gases coming from a complete chemical reaction. Calculated values of specific impulse are several percent higher than those attained in practice. It is rare we are given the value of C directly, however rocket engine specific impulse is a commonly given parameter from which we can easily calculate C. Delivered values of C* range from about 1,3. The combustion chamber is where the burning of propellants takes place at high pressure. The chamber must be strong enough to contain the high pressure generated by, and the high temperature resulting from, the combustion process. Because of the high temperature and heat transfer, the chamber and nozzle are usually cooled. The chamber must also be of sufficient length to ensure complete combustion before the gases enter the nozzle. The nozzle converts the slow moving, high pressure, high temperature gas in the combustion chamber into high velocity gas of lower pressure and temperature. Since thrust is the product of mass and velocity, a very high gas velocity is desirable. Nozzles consist of a convergent and divergent section. The minimum flow area between the convergent and divergent section is called the nozzle throat. The flow area at the end of the divergent section is called the nozzle exit area. Free Lady. Boss Lifestyle. Population: 5. 00.. LOL.. And just 5 years ago, I was just like you in one way or another.. GIRL YOU ARE NOT ALONE!!! 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Cleansing Your Body Before Dieting Memes GuysAim for a handful of each daily to reap their pore- perfecting benefits. START USING SERUM. Look for one with antioxidants, the skin's major defense against free radicals and stress, and pentapeptides, which are a must- have when it comes to boosting collagen, the support structure that gives skin a firm, youthful appearance. Don't worry about spending a fortune on the ingredients; one of Cook- Bolden's favorites is Olay Regenerist Micro- Sculpting Serum (. Ready to give juicing a whirl? It's an easy way to get more fruits and veggies into your diet. Before you get started, you should know a few things about what you can. Herbs for Weight Loss # 1: Cinnamon. Cinnamon is one of the best weight loss herbs because it helps to stabilise blood sugar level, keeps you full for a longer time. For best results, apply to freshly washed skin; follow with sunscreen or moisturiser to lock in hydration. PUT YOUR SKIN STASH IN PROPER ORDER. When it comes to glowing skin, the sequence in which you apply your products could be even more important than the products themselves. Reach for those with the most active ingredients as soon as you wash and pat skin dry. If you're using more than one active product (like an antioxidant serum and Retin- A), start with the thinner one. Cleansing Your Body Before Dieting Memes AngryIf you do it in reverse, the heavier cream will block the ingredients of the lighter one from penetrating the skin, so they won't have any impact. In fact, the glass touchscreens on mobile devices are so good at spreading viruses that sharing them may be almost as bad as sneezing in someone's face. Here's a scary thought: All those germs land right on your cheek and jawline every time you chat away, causing spots and irritation. To keep your phone (and face) bacteria- free, wipe it down with an antibacterial wipe like Clorox Disinfecting Wipes a few times a day for healthy skin. DROP DAIRY FROM YOUR DIET (EVEN THAT LITTLE BIT IN YOUR LATTE). Beware of hidden dairy in foods like salad dressing, protein bars, and shakes. And if you have to go there, stick to skimmed milk. To make the most of your beauty sleep and get glowing skin, check out these 7 beauty buys that work while you sleep EXFOLIATE FOR SMALLER- LOOKING PORES. It's amazing how something so tiny can feel so huge, but enlarged pores are one of the most common beauty complaints. Then add a cleansing system (like Clarisonic Mia 2, . To keep pores from getting even bigger as you age, practice safe sun. These are our top 5 beauty gadgets. GIVE YOUR SKIN A SIP OF MERLOT. Resveratrol, a powerful antioxidant and polyphenol found in red grape skins, has been found to prevent the lines, wrinkles, and sagging caused by environmental skin saboteurs like smog and second- hand smoke. Apply a small pump of Skinceuticals C E Ferulic Serum (. And our neglected neck and chest take vengeance by wrinkling, sagging, and displaying dark spots that beg to be hidden by a turtleneck. Don't forget to thoroughly remove eye make- up too. Try Rinse- Off Eye Makeup Solvent, (? Wu keeps a carton in her fridge at all times to . The cold temperature helps shrink swelling and constricts veins to make eyes look less bloodshot. Glowing skin hack: To make soothing, redness- busting compresses, pour a small amount of soy milk in a bowl, dunk two cotton balls, and squeeze out the excess. Then hold the cotton balls over your eyes (or any other area where you have red or irritated skin) for five minutes. ROLL AWAY YOUR PUFFY EYES THIS MORNING. Start by sleeping on two pillows to elevate the face. In the morning, massage away the excess fluid with the Garnier Caffeine Eye Roll- On (. To reduce dark shadows and reveal glowing skin, use your ring finger to lightly tap Gin. Zing Eye Cream (. Slather on a moisturiser with natural silicone, while your face is still damp. Alexiades- Armenakas' research shows that it locks in moisture for up to 2. Try Three Kings Deeply Moisturising Face Cream (. Prep your skin before hair removal by washing the area with an antibacterial wash, suggests Cook- Bolden. And to avoid discoloration, make sure to have an aftercare plan that includes anti- inflammatory ingredients to quickly calm skin and help it heal. Cook- Bolden recommends a dab of Av. Aim for one cup each day by tossing it in salads, salsas, and smoothies. Or try her recipe for refreshing ice cubes: Pur. Then add cubes to water (fizzy or still) for a refreshing, healthy skin saving mocktail. EXFOLIATE.. WITHOUT SCRUBBING. Rather than glowing skin, you look ashy and gray. Speed up your skin's cellular turnover and smooth its surface with alpha- hydroxy acids (AHA) like glycolic or lactic acid. But beware: Although lots of products include AHAs, the concentration is often too low to do much. Anything more is too much. When you're starting a new product, use it every other day, and never try a few new buys at once. And if you do, you'll know right away who the culprit is. The top 1. 0 sunglasses to protect your eyes. DRINK AN EXTRA GLASS OF WATER. Both recommend at least 8 glasses of water each day, more if you're active or live in a warm climate, for healthy, glowing skin. To add a little flavour, try a skin- soothing tea like chamomile or mint. PUT DOWN THE FRENCH FRIES. Research shows that a diet high in fats and carbohydrates causes more wrinkles. To keep your healthy skin cells revved up and rejuvenated, stick to lean protein like fish, white meat poultry, tofu, beans and lentils. STAY OUT OF HOT WATER. A steamy shower may feel great, but it's one of the worst things you can do for glowing skin. Not only does the heat strip essential oils, but it creates a mild burn. Blood vessels respond by dilating in an effort to cool the skin, causing flushing and ruddiness. Data from Alexiades- Armenakas' lab shows that the level of antioxidant- free radical scavenging (i. Andrew Weil for Mega- Mushroom Skin Relief Advanced Face Serum, (. Research shows that vitamin C- rich foods not only mop up the free radicals that cause wrinkles and sagging, but can help remove the DNA damage they form. While you're reaping the wound- healing and skin- protecting benefits of eating more vitamin C, try smoothing some on your skin as well. In one study, women who treated sun- damaged skin with a vitamin C cream for six months saw significant improvement in fine lines and discoloration. KEEP YOUR HANDS OFF YOUR FACE. At the same time, bacteria is pushed deep inside the pore, and the oil glands burst, causing even more trauma. More acne, plus discoloration and scarring. If you're really hooked on popping, leave it to the pros and schedule regular monthly extractions with an aesthetician who knows how to do them safely and gently. WHIP UP A BERRY TASTY TREAT FOR YOUR SKIN. A powerful (cheap!) anti- aging potion is lurking right in your fridge. Raspberries are loaded with ellagic acid, an antioxidant that research shows can prevent wrinkles when applied to the skin. Add in honey, a natural humectant that holds water against the skin for maximum moisture, and you've got a recipe for gorgeous, dewy, glowing skin. Mash up a handful of raspberries with a spoonful of honey, and apply the mask to clean skin for 1. Rinse and pat dry. MAKE YOUR SUNSCREEN WORK HARDER FOR YOU. Antioxidants like vitamin C offer an extra layer of protection again environmental damage and toxins, diverting them before they can damage your cells. So, use a lighter sunscreen daily such as SPF 1. C and a higher sunscreen (about 3. Find out how to make your skin glow in just two minutes. Mediterranean Diet Plan Vs. American Diet Plan. The Mediterranean diet and the standard American diet are almost polar opposites of one another. While the Mediterranean diet is high in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, the average American diet is high in refined carbohydrates, sugars and red meats. However, the majority of calories consumed in both of these diets comes from fat. In Mediterranean diets, monounsaturated fats are typically consumed, which do not raise cholesterol levels like the saturated fats consumed in the typical American diet. The phrase . While diets differ between countries and regions, the traditional Mediterranean diet emphasizes a high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds and spices. The main type of fat in the Mediterranean diet is olive oil, an important monounsaturated fat source. Poultry and dairy products like cheese and yogurt are consumed in moderate amounts, almost daily, while fish and seafood are eaten about twice a week. Small amounts of red meat are occasionally eaten. The Mediterranean diet's reliance on fresh foods means there are lower amounts of hydrogenated oils and higher amounts of fiber and other essential nutrients. Also, because most of the fat comes from olive oil, nuts and fish, this diet contains very little saturated and trans fats and large quantities of omega- 3s. Furthermore, because of the wide variety of spices available, salt is not a heavily used seasoning. BackgroundObservational cohort studies and a secondary prevention trial have shown an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and. The Mediterranean diet is a heart-healthy eating plan that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds, and healthy fats. The Mediterranean diet is a modern nutritional recommendation based on the dietary patterns of Greece, Southern Italy, France and Spain in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a heart-healthy way to eat. Find out the 8 secrets of the Mediterranean diet and how to eat to reap the health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet. Perhaps the world’s healthiest diet, the. The Mediterranean diet food list prioritizes fresh produce, whole grains, and healthy fats. The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid consists of a heart-healthy eating plan. The Mediterranean Food Pyramid is widely used to adapt healtier eating habits. Alzheimer’s Society looks at the research and science behind the headlines of popular alternative therapies and topics such as Mediterranean diet and Omega-3. Nutrients in pasta information and health benefits. Pasta nutrition tips that fits into a healthy and active lifestyle and diet. Plant-based diets are good for the environment, your heart, your weight and your overall health. News defines plant-based as an approach that emphasizes. The diet's combination of high fiber, omega- 3s, unsaturated fats, essential nutrients, and low sodium levels seem to lower cholesterol and blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease. With little emphasis on fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, the average American diet tends to rely heavily on processed foods, refined carbohydrates, fried or fast foods, red meats, sugars and high- fat dairy products- -all of which contain saturated or trans fats and sodium. Furthermore, since this diet tends to be low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, this diet can lead to deficiencies in fiber, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients essential to good health. Common ingredients of the typical American diet include high fructose corn syrup, trans fats, hydrogenated oils, white sugar, bleached, enriched flours, food dyes, artificial flavors and many other chemical additives. This is one of the reasons this diet has been deemed unhealthy by health communities. This diet tends to lead to and increase the risk of certain health problems including obesity, nutrient deficiencies, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and certain cancers, according to the Diets in Review website. Another big difference between the Mediterranean and American plans is exercise. The average American's lifestyle tends to be more sedentary, where exercise is not a priority. While getting a gym membership is not necessarily a requirement for a Mediterranean diet, the Mediterranean people tend to be much more active then their American counterparts. This likely stems from cultural differences, such as not having to rely on cars as a main source of transportation. Mediterranean diet for heart health. Mediterranean diet: A heart- healthy eating plan. The heart- healthy Mediterranean diet is a healthy eating plan based on typical foods and recipes of Mediterranean- style cooking. Here's how to adopt the Mediterranean diet. By Mayo Clinic Staff. If you're looking for a heart- healthy eating plan, the Mediterranean diet might be right for you. The Mediterranean diet incorporates the basics of healthy eating — plus a splash of flavorful olive oil and perhaps a glass of red wine — among other components characterizing the traditional cooking style of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Most healthy diets include fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains, and limit unhealthy fats. While these parts of a healthy diet are tried- and- true, subtle variations or differences in proportions of certain foods may make a difference in your risk of heart disease. Benefits of the Mediterranean diet. Research has shown that the traditional Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of heart disease. The diet has been associated with a lower level of oxidized low- density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol — the . Women who eat a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra- virgin olive oil and mixed nuts may have a reduced risk of breast cancer. For these reasons, most if not all major scientific organizations encourage healthy adults to adapt a style of eating like that of the Mediterranean diet for prevention of major chronic diseases. Key components of the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes: Eating primarily plant- based foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts. Replacing butter with healthy fats such as olive oil and canola oil. Using herbs and spices instead of salt to flavor foods. Limiting red meat to no more than a few times a month. Eating fish and poultry at least twice a week. Enjoying meals with family and friends. Drinking red wine in moderation (optional)Getting plenty of exercise. The Mediterranean diet. Adapted from Oldways Preservation and Exchange Trust, 2. Fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. The Mediterranean diet traditionally includes fruits, vegetables, pasta and rice. For example, residents of Greece eat very little red meat and average nine servings a day of antioxidant- rich fruits and vegetables. However, throughout the Mediterranean region, bread is eaten plain or dipped in olive oil — not eaten with butter or margarines, which contain saturated or trans fats. Nuts are high in fat (approximately 8. Because nuts are high in calories, they should not be eaten in large amounts — generally no more than a handful a day. Avoid candied or honey- roasted and heavily salted nuts. Oldways Preservation Trust. Accessed Feb. 8, 2. Sofi F, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta- analysis. Mitrou PN, et al. Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all- cause mortality in a U. S. Archives of Internal Medicine. Monounsaturated fats. American Heart Association. Accessed Feb. 8, 2. Zeratsky KA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Mediterranean diet pyramid. Oldways Preservation Trust. Accessed Feb. 8, 2. AHA Scientific Statement: Fish consumption, fish oil, omega- 3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2. 00. AHA Scientific Statement: Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2. Circulation 2. 00. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Department of Health and Human Services and U. S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed Feb. 8, 2. Colditz GA. Healthy diet in adults. Accessed Feb. 8, 2. Toledo E, et al. Mediterranean diet and invasive breast cancer risk among women at high cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED trial: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. Crous- Bou M, et al. Mediterranean diet and telomere length in Nurses' Health Study: Population based cohort study. Mediterranean diet and telomere length in Nurses' Health Study: Population based cohort study. See more In- depth. Fitness Programs. This is where your lean, hard body and fit lifestyle begin. Whether you want to lose weight, get totally ripped, or just get healthy, Beachbody's. Find the latest tips for the best ab, chest, shoulder, leg & yoga workouts for women, as well as health & nutrition information, all on SELF. 12 Week Workout Program to Gain Sexy Muscle and Curves! As we said before, women need to lift heavy, challenging weights in order to gain muscle. The best at-home workout program depends on your fitness level and goals. Here are 6 top fitness programs that you should check out for at-home workouts. INSANITY Tips - A Fit New Beginning. Warning: mysql. These tips for starting INSANITY workout are based on my personal experience in completing INSANITY. For some people taking pictures of themselves with their shirt off is the last thing they want to do. I have arms. I have definition all over my body. And I did this in 6. INSANITY. That’s it.”- Rachael J.“INSANITY builds muscle while stripping away fat. Hello and welcome to my Insanity workout review blog! This site originally began as a home for my journal while I was completing the Insanity workout. How Bachelorette Couple Shawn Booth and Kaitlyn Bristowe Are Working Together to Get Him Ironman Ready. Nataska's butt got bigger with this plan. Do Workout A, B, or C & This Diet. Do Workout A if you want to get a bigger butt without doing squats, lunges, leg presses. Print an Insanity workout calendar. Download and print the entire Insanity workout schedule which is broken down into a 2 month schedule. Alkaline Diet Plan Review: Does It Work? Does changing your body’s pH levels through diet have any benefits? Read WebMD's Alkaline Diet review to find out. Amazon.com : INSANITY Base Kit - DVD Workout : Exercise And Fitness Video Recordings : Sports & Outdoors. By preventing this, we can keep our waists smaller! Muscle burns calories. The more muscle you have, the more calories your body will naturally burn, even when you’re resting! Sugar cravings are when you REALLY desire to eat sugary foods, which would lead to fat gain. Defeating these cravings helps us make healthier food choices and lose weight! Slimming Smoothie Recipes. SERVINGS: 1. 1 c skim or soy milk. Handful of ice. 1 Tbsp flaxseed oil (MUFA)COMBINE milk, yogurt, orange, and ice in a blender. Blend for 1 minute, transfer to a glass, and stir in flaxseed oil. NUTRITION (per serving) 4. 10 Slimming Weight Loss Smoothies The best weight loss shakes to help you shed unwanted belly fat and lose weight. By The Editors of Prevention February 25, 2014. The Smoothie Shakedown is an excellent weight loss program for virtually anyone. The Shakedown is especially beneficial if: Detox smoothie recipes are easy to make and a delicious way to detox your body. Try the 3 Day Detox Cleanse for a quick weight loss boost. See 11 of the best weight loss foods you can eat to lose weight fast every day. This will easily be a guest favourite. And you can make it again and again. Just switch up the berries to whatever is in season.The world's largest producer and marketer of fresh fruit and vegetables. Company profile, job opportunities, recipes, FAQ, and related links. Learn more about best diet shakes that are based on healthy, natural and organic protein powder. Meal replacement shakes will help you lose weight: fast &. Trying to fit more fruit into these blended-to-order smoothies is like trying to teach an emu to fly – can’t be done. Made using real whole fruit and 100% juice. During your first four weeks following surgery, you will need to adhere to a diet beginning with liquids only and progressing to soft pureed foods. I make this fruit and vegetable green smoothie almost every single day. The best thing about this recipe is that you are getting three servings of fruits and three. Irresistible raw food and vegan recipes, smoothies and juices. List of alkaline foods. Food Safety information. Practical and easy tips for beginners of a. Smoothie Recipes - Best Frozen Drinks & Fruit Smoothies. Fresh Smoothies. That berry blend at a smoothie shop can have a whopping 80 grams of sugar, 350 calories or more, little protein, and often no fresh fruit. A substantial smoothie is an easy way to have a fast meal. Smoothie Web - Green, Healthy & Delicious Smoothies. It's Not Just a Diet, It's a Lifestyle. Candida Diet Fruit SmoothiesWe know you're busy, which is why we've developed quick and easy recipes to help you get dinner on the table — stat. Elimination Diet Fruit SmoothiesChrissy Teigen Diet Plan and Workout Routine. Chrissy is 100% against starvation diet plan, but to de-stress her body and to strip off unsolicited pounds. Minnesota Mom of Two Diagnosed with Cancer Hours After Husband Dies From ALS: 'I'm Not Ready to Give Into It'. Last year, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of George Michael's 1990 music video "Freedom!" we asked its supermodel stars to reveal what filming the video was. Browse Hundreds of Celebrity Weddings by Month, Year, Location and Theme. Peyton Wright. Former. See photos and in-depth details of every major celebrity wedding of the last 20 years, including where the stars were married, the vendors they hired, what they wore. All the celebrity news, candids, and red carpet photos delivered daily. A Part of Hearst Digital Media. Marie Claire participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means Marie Claire gets paid commissions on purchases made. The place for everything in Oprah's world. Get health, beauty, recipes, money, decorating and relationship advice to live your best life on Oprah.com. The Oprah Show. Vegetarian and Vegan Diet: Health and Disease Prevention - Calcium. Calcium. The most well- known source of calcium is dairy foods, which are often. Dairy products provide 7. U. S. The nondairy foods that provide calcium are calcium- fortified tofu. Certain factors will impact how. D. The presence of vitamin D will. Foods rich in oxalic acid are spinach, rhubarb. Foods rich in phytic acid are unleavened bread, nuts. You will absorb some of the calcium in foods that you. For example, calcium absorption from dried. The following are recommendations for consuming an adequate amount of. Consume two servings of dairy products per day, with 2. Vegans should consume calcium- fortified. Calcium intake needs to be spread. We do not efficiently absorb more. Vitamin DVitamin D deficiency has become a worldwide epidemic. People who exclude fish and dairy from their diet can be even more susceptible to a vitamin D deficiency. There are numerous benefits to vitamin D, including decreased incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease, lowering of blood pressure in hypertension, prevention and treatment of depression, decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, prevention of osteoporosis and osteopenia, decreased inflammation, decreased dental cavities, reduced risk of. It is a good idea for people following a vegetarian diet to do this, especially children. Exposing your skin to the sun for 1. D needs. When this is not an option, research shows that supplementation can be effective in preventing this deficiency. Healthy Indian Vegetarian Recipes - Eating. Well. Indian- Spiced Eggplant & Cauliflower Stew. Indian Mango Dal. Curried Cashew Burgers. Spiced Eggplant- Lentil Salad with Mango. Saag Tofu. Ginger, Split Pea & Vegetable Curry (Subzi dalcha). Tandoori Tofu. Vegetarian Tikka Masala. Chickpea Curry (Chhole). Winter Vegetable Dal. Squash & Red Lentil Curry. Indian- Spiced Kale & Chickpeas. Five- Vegetable Curry. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Seen in All Types of Vegetarians. The Importance of Individualizing your Hypoglycemia Diet – an excerpt from The Do’s and Don’ts of Hypoglycemia: An Everyday Guide to Low Blood Sugar by Roberta. Get the books. The new recipe book is out! You can also find Michael’s books on the original 5:2 Fast Diet, the Blood Sugar Diet, Fast Exercise and more. Vegetarian Meal Plans and DiabetesFeb2014. Vegetarian diets: An option for people with diabetes? There seems to be a never-ending debate about which type of meal. What further complicates the matter is that D’Adamo’s unproven statements about blood types sound similar to facts that do have scientific backing. There are plenty of great reasons to try a vegetarian diet: people who stop eating meat tend to lose weight, improve their mood, and boost their overa. Find healthy, delicious Indian vegetarian recipes, from the food and nutrition experts at EatingWell. People who follow vegetarian diets are those who do not eat animal products, and vegetarianism has variations, which exclude some types of. Curried Whole Cauliflower. Chickpea & Potato Hash. Indian Vegetable Stew. Curried Lentil Stuffed Squash. Baked Curried Brown Rice & Lentil Pilaf. Indian Saag with Chickpeas. Spicy Stewed Potatoes & Spinach with Buttermilk (Aloo chaas). |
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